List Archives

Sat Sep 8 20:25:33 BST 2007

  _____  

<http://ad.doubleclick.net/ad/thelancet.rbi/article;cou=1224;spec=1010;gpow=
1002;gprf=1010;cstr=thelancet;jrn=lancet;sz=160x600;ord=43473?> 

<http://ad.doubleclick.net/ad/thelancet.rbi/article;cou=1224;spec=1010;gpow=
1002;gprf=1010;cstr=thelancet;jrn=lancet;sz=728x90;ord=96290?> 

 Elsevier
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/lancet_left.jpg
> 	 <http://www.thelancet.com/home> Lancet.com	
Home <http://www.thelancet.com/home>  | Advanced
<http://www.thelancet.com/search> & Citation Search | Help
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/helpfiles/lancet/help_home.htm> 	

Search  GO
 layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/tabs/tabtopl.gi
f> 		 layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/tabs/tabtopr.gi
f> 	
 layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/tabs/tabl.gif>
The <http://www.thelancet.com/journals> 
Journals	  layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/tabs/tabr.gif>
layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/tabs/tabl.gif>
Web Focus <http://www.thelancet.com/online/focus> 	  layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/tabs/tabr.gif>
layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/tabs/tabl.gif>
Article <http://www.thelancet.com/collections> 
Collections	  layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/tabs/tabr.gif>
layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/tabs/tabl.gif>
Authors <http://www.thelancet.com/authors> 	  layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/tabs/tabr.gif>
layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/tabs/tabl.gif>
Jobs  <http://www.thelancet.com/jobsandconferences> &
Conferences	  layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/tabs/tabr.gif>
layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/tabs/tabl.gif>
About Us <http://www.thelancet.com/about> 	  layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/tabs/tabr.gif>
layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/tabs/tabl.gif>
My Account <http://www.thelancet.com/account> 	  layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/tabs/tabr.gif>

Early Online Publication <http://www.thelancet.com/journals/eop>  | The
Lancet <http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet>  | The Lancet Neurology
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur>  | The Lancet Oncology
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc>  | The Lancet Infectious Diseases
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf>  | Your
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/comments> Comments	
 layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/subMenu/toolfad
e.gif> 	
 image
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/subMenu/tertiar
ybar2.gif> 	Current  <http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/current>
Issue	 	

 image
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/subMenu/tertiar
ybar2.gif> 	Back  <http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/backissues>
Issues	 	

 image
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/subMenu/tertiar
ybar2.gif> 	Special
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/supplements> Issues	 	

 image
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/subMenu/tertiar
ybar2.gif> 	Fast  <http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/fasttrack>
Track	 	

 image
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/subMenu/tertiar
ybar2.gif> 	Protocol
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/protocol> Reviews	 	
 menu curve
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/subMenu/journal
_menu_curve.gif> 	
Mr. Bjorn	

 layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/subMenu/pixlite
blue.gif> 	
Log out

 layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/subMenu/pixpink
.gif> 	Premium Content <http://www.thelancet.com/content/premium>
layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/subMenu/premium
.gif> 	

 layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/subMenu/pixlite
blue.gif> 	Subscriptions <http://www.thelancet.com/subscriptions> 	

 layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/subMenu/pixlite
blue.gif> 	Email Alerts <http://www.thelancet.com/account/alerts> 	

 layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/subMenu/pixlite
blue.gif> 	Audio <http://www.thelancet.com/audio> 	

 layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/subMenu/pixlite
blue.gif> 	Lancet Blog <http://blogs.thelancet.com/> 	

 layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/subMenu/pixlite
blue.gif> 	
RSS <http://www.thelancet.com/rss> 	  <http://www.thelancet.com/rss>
layout	
 layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/tabs/toolcurvel
.gif> 		 layout
<http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/images/clusters/thelancet/tabs/toolcurver
.gif> 	

<http://ad.doubleclick.net/jump/thelancet.rbi/article;cou=1224;spec=1010;gpo
w=1002;gprf=1010;cstr=thelancet;jrn=lancet;tile=1;sz=125x125;ord=31562> 

<http://ad.doubleclick.net/jump/thelancet.rbi/article;cou=1224;spec=1010;gpo
w=1002;gprf=1010;cstr=thelancet;jrn=lancet;tile=2;sz=125x125;ord=67149> 

<http://ad.doubleclick.net/jump/thelancet.rbi/article;cou=1224;spec=1010;gpo
w=1002;gprf=1010;cstr=thelancet;jrn=lancet;tile=3;sz=125x125;ord=64653> 
The Lancet, Current Issue, Volume 370, Number 9590, 8 September
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/issue?issue_key=S0140-6736(07)X603
8-0> 2007	 Contents in
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/full?issue_key=S0140-6736(07)X6038
-0> Full	
Editorial
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/section?issue_key=S0140-6736(07)X6
038-0&section=Editorial> 
Comment
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/section?issue_key=S0140-6736(07)X6
038-0&section=Comment> 
World
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/section?issue_key=S0140-6736(07)X6
038-0&section=World+Report> Report
Perspectives
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/section?issue_key=S0140-6736(07)X6
038-0&section=Perspectives> 
Obituary
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/section?issue_key=S0140-6736(07)X6
038-0&section=Obituary> 
Correspondence
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/section?issue_key=S0140-6736(07)X6
038-0&section=Correspondence> 
Department
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/section?issue_key=S0140-6736(07)X6
038-0&section=Department+of+Error> of Error
	Articles
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/section?issue_key=S0140-6736(07)X6
038-0&section=Articles> 
	Seminar
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/section?issue_key=S0140-6736(07)X6
038-0&section=Seminar> 
Series
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/section?issue_key=S0140-6736(07)X6
038-0&section=Series> 
Case
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/section?issue_key=S0140-6736(07)X6
038-0&section=Case+Report> Report

<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607614019/fullt
ext> previous
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607614032/fullt
ext> next	

The Lancet 2007; 370:823

DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61402-0 

Correspondence 

Biko to Guantanamo: 30 years of medical involvement in torture 

David
<http://www.thelancet.com/search/results?search_mode=cluster&search_area=clu
ster&search_cluster=thelancet&search_sort=date&restrictname_author=author&re
stricttype_author=author&restrictterm_author=nicholl0dj&restrictdesc_author=
David J Nicholl> J Nicholl a,   Trefor
<http://www.thelancet.com/search/results?search_mode=cluster&search_area=clu
ster&search_cluster=thelancet&search_sort=date&restrictname_author=author&re
stricttype_author=author&restrictterm_author=jenkins0t&restrictdesc_author=T
refor Jenkins>  Jenkins b,   Steven
<http://www.thelancet.com/search/results?search_mode=cluster&search_area=clu
ster&search_cluster=thelancet&search_sort=date&restrictname_author=author&re
stricttype_author=author&restrictterm_author=miles0sh&restrictdesc_author=St
even H Miles> H Miles c,   William
<http://www.thelancet.com/search/results?search_mode=cluster&search_area=clu
ster&search_cluster=thelancet&search_sort=date&restrictname_author=author&re
stricttype_author=author&restrictterm_author=hopkins0w&restrictdesc_author=W
illiam Hopkins>  Hopkins d,   Adnan
<http://www.thelancet.com/search/results?search_mode=cluster&search_area=clu
ster&search_cluster=thelancet&search_sort=date&restrictname_author=author&re
stricttype_author=author&restrictterm_author=siddiqui0a&restrictdesc_author=
Adnan Siddiqui>  Siddiqui e   and   Frank
<http://www.thelancet.com/search/results?search_mode=cluster&search_area=clu
ster&search_cluster=thelancet&search_sort=date&restrictname_author=author&re
stricttype_author=author&restrictterm_author=boulton0f&restrictdesc_author=F
rank Boulton>  Boulton f,   on behalf of 260 other signatories

This week marks the 30th anniversary of the death of anti-apartheid activist
Steve Biko while being detained by South African security police. Initially,
the Minister of Justice suggested Biko had died of a hunger strike; however,
the inquest revealed that he had died of the consequences of head injuries
sustained during police interrogation, and identified gross inadequacies in
the medical treatment from the two doctors responsible for his care,
including the falsification of records. The regulatory authorities failed to
take firm action, and it was only grass-roots efforts by doctors that led,
almost 8 years later, to Benjamin Tucker being found guilty of improper and
disgraceful conduct and being struck off the medical register; Ivor Lang was
found guilty of improper conduct and was given a caution and a reprimand.1

There are strong parallels between the Biko case and the ongoing role of US
military doctors in Guantanamo Bay and the War on Terror. Last year,2 we
suggested that the physicians in Guantanamo force-feeding hunger strikers
should be referred to their professional bodies for breaching
internationally accepted ethical guidelines. One of us (DJN) lodged formal
complaints with the medical boards for Georgia and California as well as
pointing out to the American Medical Association (AMA) that the former
hospital commander at Guantanamo, John Edmondson, was a member.3 After 18
months, there had been no reply from the AMA, the Californian authorities
stated that they "do not have the jurisdiction to investigate incidents that
occurred on a federal facility/military base", and the authorities in
Georgia stated that the "complaint was thoroughly investigated" but "the
Board concluded that there was not sufficient evidence to support
prosecution". Yet an analysis of the same affidavit by the Royal College of
Physicians concluded that "in England, this would be a criminal act".

The UK government has refused a request from the British Medical Association
for a group of independent doctors to assess the detainees4 and, to date,
there has been no formal report on the three alleged suicides in Guantanamo
that took place in June, 2006.

The resolution of the Biko case was instrumental in the rehabilitation of
the South African Medical and Dental Council and the Medical Association of
South Africa, which had been subject to boycotts during the apartheid years.
The failure of the US regulatory authorities to act is damaging the
reputation of US military medicine. No health-care worker in the War on
Terror has been charged or convicted of any significant offence despite
numerous instances documented including fraudulent record keeping on
detainees who have died as a result of failed interrogations.5 We suspect
that the doctors in Guantanamo and elsewhere have made the same mistake as
Tucker who, in 1991, in expressing remorse and seeking reinstatement, said
"I had gradually lost the fearless independence.and become too closely
identified with the organs of the State, especially the Police force.I have
come to realise that a medical practitioner's first responsibility is the
wellbeing of his patient, and that a medical practitioner cannot subordinate
his patient's interest to extraneous considerations."1

The attitude of the US medical establishment appears to be one of "See no
evil, hear no evil, speak no evil".

DJN reviewed the legal record of a detainee who had allegedly been denied
medical treatment, at the request of his attorney, and wrote an affidavit
pro bono based on this review. There was no compensation for this work.

Web Extra Material

<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607614020/attac
hment?filename=mmc1.pdf> display file download
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607614020/attac
hment?filename=mmc1.pdf> text
Webappendix. 

References

1 <> . McLean GR, Jenkins T. The Steve Biko affair: a case study in Medical
Ethics. Dev World Bioethics 2003; 3: 77-102. 

2 <> . Nicholl DJ, Atkinson HG, Kalk J, et alon behalf of 255 other doctors.
Forcefeeding and restraint of Guantanamo Bay hunger strikers. Lancet 2006;
367: 811. Full
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673606683268/fullt
ext> Text | Full-Text
<http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/0140-6736/PIIS0140673606683268.
pdf?clusterid=thelancet&mis=.pdf> PDF (39 KB) | CrossRef

3 <> . Nicholl DJ. Guantanamo: a call for action. Good men need to do
something. BMJ 2006; 332: 854-855. 

4 <> . Nicholl DJ and 119 other doctors, Doctors at Guantanamo. The Times
Sept 18, 2006
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/debate/letters...
<http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/debate/letters/article642161.ece> 
(accessed Aug 10, 2007).. 

5 <> . Miles SH. Oath betrayed: torture, medical complicity and the War on
Terror. New York: Random House, 2006:. 

Back  <> to top 

Affiliations

a. Department of Neurology, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK
b. Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
c. Center for Bioethics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
d. Medical Foundation for the Care of Victims of Torture, London, UK
e. CAGE Prisoners, London, UK
f. MEDACT, The Grayston Centre, London, UK

Your Comments	
. Add
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607614020/comme
nts?action=add> Your Comments to this Article	
Article Options	
. PDF
<http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/0140-6736/PIIS0140673607614020.
pdf>  (44kb)
		. Printer
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607614020/fullt
extprinter> friendly version

Related Articles	
. Military
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673603141220/abstr
act> tribunals at Guantanamo Bay: dual loyalty...	 	. Testimony
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673600045761/abstr
act> 	
. The
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673604176344/abstr
act> Steve Biko affair	 	. Forcefeeding
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673606683268/abstr
act> and restraint of Guantanamo Bay...	
. More
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607614020/relat
ed> related articles...	

Other Articles	
. Depression
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607614159/abstr
act> worsens health more than angina,...	 	. Cervical
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607614160/abstr
act> cancer burden can be solved with current...	
. Gordon
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607613865/abstr
act> Brown and Douglas Alexander launch...	 	. Biko
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607614020/abstr
act> to Guantanamo: 30 years of medical...	

Article Options

*	PDF
<http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/0140-6736/PIIS0140673607614020.
pdf>  (44kb) 

*	Printer
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607614020/fullt
extprinter> friendly version 

*	Web
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607614020/attac
hment?filename=mmc1.pdf> Extra: File (112kb)

Your Comments

*	Add
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607614020/comme
nts?action=add> Your Comments

Related Articles

*	Military
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673603141220/fullt
ext?pubType=related> tribunals at Guantanamo Bay: dual... 

*	Testimony
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673600045761/fullt
ext?pubType=related>  

*	The
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673604176344/fullt
ext?pubType=related> Steve Biko affair 

*	Forcefeeding
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673606683268/fullt
ext?pubType=related> and restraint of Guantanamo Bay... 

*	More
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607614020/relat
ed> related articles...

<http://ad.doubleclick.net/jump/thelancet.rbi/article;cou=1224;spec=1010;gpo
w=1002;gprf=1010;cstr=thelancet;jrn=lancet;tile=1;sz=148x148;ord=58229> 

<http://ad.doubleclick.net/jump/thelancet.rbi/article;cou=1224;spec=1010;gpo
w=1002;gprf=1010;cstr=thelancet;jrn=lancet;tile=2;sz=148x148;ord=15630> 
Other Articles

*	Depression
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607614159/abstr
act?pubType=related> worsens health more than angina,... 

*	Cervical
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607614160/abstr
act?pubType=related> cancer burden can be solved with... 

*	Gordon
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607613865/fullt
ext?pubType=related> Brown and Douglas Alexander launch... 

*	Biko
<http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673607614020/fullt
ext?pubType=related> to Guantanamo: 30 years of medical...

Help <http://www.thelancet.com/webfiles/helpfiles/lancet/help_home.htm>
| 	 Feedback <http://www.thelancet.com/misc/feedback> 	  |
Privacy  <http://www.thelancet.com/misc/privacypop> Policy	  |
Terms  <http://www.thelancet.com/misc/terms> & Conditions	  |
Contact Us <http://www.thelancet.com/misc/contact>

Copyright C 2007 Elsevier <http://www.elsevier.com>  Limited. All rights
reserved.	
The LancetR is a registered trademark of Elsevier Properties S.A. used under
licence.	
The content on this site is intended for health professionals.	

-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: application/octet-stream
Size: 40672 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0007.obj
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: application/octet-stream
Size: 28369 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0008.obj
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: image/jpeg
Size: 30277 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0002.jpg
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: image/jpeg
Size: 36962 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0003.jpg
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: image/gif
Size: 295 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0016.gif
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: image/gif
Size: 176 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0017.gif
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: image/gif
Size: 169 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0018.gif
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: image/gif
Size: 170 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0019.gif
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: image/gif
Size: 420 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0020.gif
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: image/gif
Size: 176 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0021.gif
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: image/gif
Size: 898 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0022.gif
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: image/gif
Size: 45 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0023.gif
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: image/gif
Size: 47 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0024.gif
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: image/gif
Size: 325 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0025.gif
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: image/gif
Size: 521 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0026.gif
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: image/gif
Size: 282 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0027.gif
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: image/gif
Size: 284 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0028.gif
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: application/octet-stream
Size: 5783 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0009.obj
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: application/octet-stream
Size: 5652 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0010.obj
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: application/octet-stream
Size: 4700 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0011.obj
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: image/gif
Size: 463 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0029.gif
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: image/gif
Size: 407 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0030.gif
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: image/gif
Size: 81 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0031.gif
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: application/octet-stream
Size: 3910 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0012.obj
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: not available
Type: application/octet-stream
Size: 38188 bytes
Desc: not available
Url : http://list.mistral.net/pipermail/trauma-list/attachments/20070908/a52939d4/attachment-0013.obj

List Archives

For your convenience, find the Trauma List Archive Below

Lancet Article