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TRAUMA SCORING

 

TRAUMA.ORG
Abbreviated Injury Scale:
Head
 Face
Chest
 Abdomen
Extremity
 External
ISS:

 
 

 

Injury Severity Score

The Injury Severity Score (ISS) is an anatomical scoring system that provides an overall score for patients with multiple injuries. Each injury is assigned an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score and is allocated to one of six body regions (Head, Face, Chest, Abdomen, Extremities (including Pelvis), External). Only the highest AIS score in each body region is used. The 3 most severely injured body regions have their score squared and added together to produce the ISS score.

An example of the ISS calculation is shown below:

Region Injury
Description 		AIS Square
Top Three
Head & Neck Cerebral Contusion 3 9
Face No Injury 0  
Chest Flail Chest 4 16
Abdomen Minor Contusion of Liver
Complex Rupture Spleen 		2
5 		 
25
Extremity Fractured femur 3  
External No Injury 0  
Injury Severity Score:   50

 

The ISS score takes values from 0 to 75. If an injury is assigned an AIS of 6 (unsurvivable injury), the ISS score is automatically assigned to 75. The ISS score is virtually the only anatomical scoring system in use and correlates slinearly with mortality, morbidity, hospital stay and other measures of severity.

It's weaknesses are that any error in AIS scoring increases the ISS error, many different injury patterns can yield the same ISS score and injuries to different body regions are not weighted. Also, as a full description of patient injuries is not known prior to full investigation & operation, the ISS (along with other anatomical scoring systems) is not useful as a triage tool.

The ISS Calculator will sit as a standalone window on your desktop.

Baker SP et al, "The Injury Severity Score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care", J Trauma 14:187-196;1974